Yaa Asantewaa War

conflict
Part of	Anglo-Ashanti Wars
Named after	Yaa Asantewaa, Golden Stool
Location	Ashanti Empire
Point in time	Fankwa 1900
Start time	Ebɔw 1900
End time	Fankwa 1900

Sika Nsu Ko, a wɔsan frɛ no Yaa Asantewaa Ko, Eauantse Akwantu a ɔtɔ do ebiasa, Esuantse Atuatsew, anaa nsakyer, yɛ satu wɔ 1900 mu wɔ basabasayɛ a ɔtoatoa do a ɔkɔr do wɔ United Kingdom na Esuantse Ahenman (seseiara Esuantse Mantɔw) ntamu , ɔman a ɔwɔ fahodzi wɔ Afrika Atɔe afam a na ɔnam Britainfo na mpoano mbusuakuw a wɔhyɛ hɔn ase no bom tsenaa ase wɔ kwan a ɔyɛ papa do.

Ber a ɔnye Britain nsodaafo dzii kan dzii ako pii ekyir no, Britain nsodaafo san gyee Esuantsefo wɔ Sanda 1896 mu. Wɔ afe 1900 mu no, Esuantsefo no tseew etua. Britainfo no siiw basabasayɛ no ano na wɔfaa Kumase kurow no. Wɔpam Esuantse atsetsesɛm mu hen, Esuantsehen, na n’efotufo no.

Sika Nsu

Ná Sikakɔkɔɔ Nkuku no yɛ tum a ɔdze tum ho nsɛnkyerɛndze ama Esuantsefo mber tsentsen.

Wɔ 19 Ebɔw 1901 mu no Britania ɔmanyɛfo David Lloyd George kae wɔ Mmarahyɛ Bagua nhyiam bi mu dɛ: "Frederick Hodgson hwehwɛ a ɔhwehwɛe wɔ Sikakɔkɔɔ Nsuo mu no yɛ biribi te dɛ Holy Grail hwehwɛ". Carernarfon Mmarahyɛ Bagua no muni na Aban no mufo afoforo nso haw kɛse wɔ ɔka kɛse a na wɔreyɛ dze atua Aban no dze atua ɔko no ho. Wobisabisaa Joseph Chamberlain a saa ber no na ɔyɛ Ɔkyerɛwfo ma Atubrafo Dwumadibea no nsɛm kɛse dɛ ɔbia wɔadze nkan ama Frederick Hodgson kwan ankasa dɛ ɔnhwehwɛ Sikakɔkɔɔ Nsuo no mfi Asantefo hɔ anaasɛ wɔamma no, ɔfisɛ na ɔte dɛ nea osusuw dɛ "dɛ obetumi anya na dze nkutoo a Sikakɔkɔɔ Nsuo a anka ɔbɛtumi adi ɔman no so bere nyinaa".

Hodgson kɔɔ n’anim kɔɔ Kumasi a na Britania asraafoɔ kakraa bi na mpɔtam hɔ towtuafo ka ho, na wɔduruu hɔ wɔ Ebɔbira 25, 1900. Wɔmaa Hodgson, dɛ ɔman a ɔwɔ tumi ananmusifoɔ no, atetesɛm mu anuonyam ber a ɔhyɛnee kuro no mu a mmofra na mmofra too dwom "Onyankopɔn Gye Ɔhemmaa no" maa Awuraa Hodgson . Ber a ɔforoo asɛnka agua bi wiei no, ɔmaa ɔkasa kyerɛɛ Ashanti akannifo a wɔahyiam no. Wɔbɔ amanneɛ dɛ ɔkasa no, anaa kyerɛwtohɔ a ɔbɛn sen biara a ɔda do ara wɔ hɔ a ɔnam Ashanti kasa asekyerɛfo bi do ba no kenkan dɛ:[better source needed].

Nhyiam no gyee ɔkasa no komm, nanso mpanyimfo a na wɔwɔ hɔ no fii ase yɛɛ ɔko ho ahosiesie ber a wɔsan kɔɔ wɔn afie no. Wɔ na nhoma The Golden Stool: Some Aspects of the Conflict of Cultures in Modern Africa mu no nnipa ho nimdefo Ɔsɔfo Edwin W. Smith kyerɛw ɔyi ho asɛm dɛ "Ɔkasa a ɔyɛ nkwaseasɛm biako pɛ! Mfomso ahorow a ɔnam Afrikafo adwene a wonnim do yɛ no ho nhwɛso a ɔye kyɛn do!" . Gaurav Desai fa dem nkyekyem yi ka na ɔtoa do ma ɔmu da hɔ dɛ na wonhu Stool no dɛ honam fam adze na tumi ho sɛnkyerɛnne ara kwa na mmom dɛ ɔyɛ metaphysical na honhom mu sɛnkyerɛnne a ɔkyerɛ Ashantifo no nyinaa kra - saa ntease a ɔnteɛ yi na nea ɔkanyan ntawntawdze a ɔba ber a abusuabɔ a nimu yɛ dzen dedaw mu.

Wɔ na ɔko kasa mu no Ɔhemmaa ɔna Yaa Asantewaa I (Ɔhemmaa ɔna a ɔwɔ Ejisu tumidi mu wɔ Ashanti ahemman no mu), boaboaa ɔsɔretia ano tiaa Britaniafo: "Afei mahu dɛ mo mu binom suro dɛ mobɛkɔ anim ako ama yɛn hene no. Dɛ ɔte dem a." wɔ akokoduru nna no mu, Osei Tutu, Okomfo Anokye, na Opoku Ware nna no mu no, na atitire rentra ase nhwɛ dɛ wɔafa wɔn hene akɔ a wɔtow tuo biara.Anka ɔhɔho biara [Obroni] ntumi nnya akokoduru na ɔpanyin bi a ɔte Ashanti wɔ ɔkwan a Amrado no faa do kasa kyerɛɛ mo atitire anɔpa yi.Do ɔyɛ nokware dɛ Ashantifo akokoduru nni hɔ bio?Mintumi nnye nni.Ɔrentumi nyɛ dem !Ɔsɛ dɛ meka ɔyi, dɛ mo, Ashanti mmarima no, morennye nni kɔ yɛn anim, afei yɛbɛyɛ. Yɛn, mmea no, yɛbɛyɛ. Mɛfrɛ me mfɛfo mmea. Yɛbɛko! Yɛbɛko akosi dɛ yɛn mu nea otwa to no bɛhwe ase wɔ ɔko mu."Ɔboaboaa mmarima ano dɛ wɔnyɛ asraafo dɔm a wɔdze bɛtow ahyɛ Britaniafo do na wɔagye ɔhene a wɔatu no afi nnommumfa mu no.

Nnipa a wɔn bo afuw no maa atuhoamafo pii bae. Ber a Hodgson Captain abadiakyiri Cecil Armitage hwehwɛɛ asɛnka agua no wɔ brɔs bi a ɔbɛn hɔ mu no, wotwaa n’asraafo no ho hyiae na wɔtow hyɛɛ wɔn do, nanso osu a ɔtɔe mpofirim maa wɔn a wonyaa wɔn ti dzedze mu no san wɔn akyi kɔɔ Britania adwumayɛbea ahorow a ɔwɔ Kumasi no. Afei wɔhyɛɛ adwumayɛbea ahorow no den yɛɛ no stockade ketewaa bi a na kɛse yɛ anammɔn 50 (mita 46) ahinanan a abo afasu atenten a wɔatoto mu anammɔn 12 (mita 3.7) na abantenten a wɔdze tow tuo wɔ ntwea biara do a na Europafo 18, atubrafo do ahwɛfo a wofi mmusuakuw ahorow mu du du pii na nnipa 500 te mu Nigeria Hausafo a wɔwɔ afuw mu atuo nketewa asia ne Maxim atuo anan. Britaniafoɔ de akannifoɔ a wɔkorɔn pii guu abankɛseɛ no mu. Ashantifo no a na wonim dɛ wonsiesiee wɔn ho dɛ wɔbɛtow ahyɛ abankɛse no do ahum no kɔtraa baabi a wɔbɛkaa wɔn ahyɛ ber tenten, na wɔtow hyɛɛ gyinabea no do pɛnkoro pɛ wɔ Ebɔbira 29 a wɔantumi. Ashantifo no kɔɔ do dze atuo guu wɔn a wɔbɔ wɔn ho ban no do, twaa telegraph nhama no, siw nnuan ano, na wɔtow hyɛɛ adum a wɔde boa nkurɔfo do. Wɔdze nnua a wɔde siw akwan a ɔkɔ kurow no mu nyinaa ano de nnua akwanside 21 a na sorokɔ yɛ anammɔn asia a ntokuru a wɔdze tow tuo wom, a na tenten yɛ anammɔn ɔhaha pii na ɔyɛ den araa ma atuo ntumi nkɔ mu.

Ber a nneɛma a wɔdze ma no do tewee na nyarewa dɛee wɔn a wɔbɔ wɔn ho ban no do no, kuw foforo a wogye nkurɔfo a wɔn dodow yɛ 700 baa Obiradzi mu. Ber a wohui dɛ ɔho hia dɛ woguan fi afiri no mu na wɔkora aduan a aka no do ma wɔn a wɔapirapira na ayarefo no, mmarima a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden no bi na Hodgson, na yer na Hausafo bɛboro ɔha gyee wɔn ahome wɔ Obiradzi 23, na wohyiae asraafo a wogyee wɔn no wotuu wɔn fii hɔ. Wɔfrɛɛ Ashanti abrade (akofo) 12,000 dɛ wɔnkɔtow nhyɛ wɔn a woguan no do, na wodze nkan wɔ ɔkwan tenten a ɔsan kɔ Crown Colony no do, na wɔnam saayɛ do kwatii Abradefo kuw titiriw no. Nna bi akyi no, nnipa kakraa bi a wonyaa wɔn ti dzedze mu wɔ abradze ntua no mu no faa hyɛn kɔɔ Accra, na wonyaa ayaresa a ɔwɔ hɔ nyinaa.[citation needed]

Wɔ 7 July 1900 The Star Newspaper a ɔwɔ British Isle of Guernsey, kaa asɛm bi a ɔfa Yaa Asenatewaa na na mmoa a ɔrenya nkɔanim wɔ Ashantifo mu ho asɛm: "Atubrafo Dwumadibea no nsa aka amanneɛbɔ a ɔhaw adwene dɛ Ɔhemmaa Ashantuah [sic] sodifo a ɔwɔ Ofesa, agye Supreme Atuatewfo asraafo no ahyɛdze.Ɔwɔ n’Ahyɛde ase Ɔsahene Asmarah, Cacique of Esili, na asraafo dɔm a wɔyɛ akofo 20,000, a Amazonfo asraafo dɔm na Asraafo 1000 a wɔapaw wɔn nsa a wɔhyehyɛ Kuw Kronkron bi (L’Estafette, Paris) ka ho.

Nkwagye kɔla No

Ɔsahene Sir James Willcocks, KCMG, DSO, na adwumayɛfo, wɔ abankɛse no ano wɔ Kumasi

Ber a Hodgson duu mpoano no, na mmarima 1,000 a wɔaboaboa wɔn ho ano afi Britania akuw ahorow ne polisifo a wɔdze wɔn ho ahyɛ Afrika Atɔe fam nyinaa na wɔhyɛ Ɔsahene James Willcocks ase no fi Accra. Wɔ nantew no mu no na wɔapam Willcocks mmarima no afi abankɛse pii a wɔabɔ ho ban yiye a ɔyɛ akuw a wɔna Ashantifo ayɛ biako dea mu — nea ɔda nsow kɛse na stockade a ɔwɔ Kokofu, faako a na wɔapirapira kɛse no. Wɔ nantew no mu no, na Willcocks hyia sɔhwɛ ahorow bere nyinaa a ɛne dɛ ɔna ɔtamfo bi a ɔwɔ n’ankasa element mu bɛko ber a ɔkura ɔkwan a ɔfa do dze nneɛma ma no do wɔ asraafo dɔm a wɔsɔre tia a wɔdze akodi a ɔnyɛ nea wɔtaa yɛ dze dwuma anim no. Wɔ July mfiase no, n’asraafo no duu Bekwai na wosiesiee wɔn ho maa ntua a etwa to a wɔbɛtow ahyɛ Kumasi do, a efii ase Ayɛwoho 14, 1900 anɔpa. Ber a Willcocks de asraafo dɔm bi a Yoruba akofo a wofi Nigeria a wɔsom wɔ Ɔhye Asraafo mu dzen wɔn anim dze dwuma no de kar kɔɔ mmeae anan a wɔawɛn wɔn denneennen mu , awiei koraa no ɔmaa abankɛse no ho tɔɔ no wɔ Ayɛwoho 15 anwummere, ber a na nnipa a wɔte hɔ no aka nna abien pɛ ma wɔde wɔn ho ama no.[citation needed]

NCO kuw bi a wɔwɔ Maxim atuo wɔ Kumasi

Wɔ Ayɛwoho 17 no, asraafo dɔm no mu dodow no ara (a asraafo dɔm a mmarima 160 na wɔwom a Britania asraafo mpanyimfo baanum ne NCOfo a wɔhyɛ Captain Eden ase no nka ho) sii kwan so san kɔɔ Bekwai a na wɔsoa wɔn ayarefo ne wɔn a wɔapirapira. Ber a adum no twaa kwan bɛyɛ akwansin abien fi Kumasi no, na wotumi te atuo nnyigyei a efi kurow no abankɛse no mu. Willcocks kyerɛw dɛ "ɔno akyi no yɛtee dɛ Eden dze asraafo dɔm no ahyɛ kataso ase, na ɔnam saayɛ do twee atamfo no dɛ wɔnkɔhwehwɛ mpɔtam hɔ. Ber a dodow pa bi fii adi baa petee mu no, wɔdannan 7-pounders na Maxims guu wɔn do wɔ nkɛntɛnso a ɛkyɛn so ". Willcocks ka akyiri yi wɔ The Great Drama Of Kumasi a Major Wynyard Montagu Hall kyerɛwee mu sɛ "Wɔ m'adwene mu no, na asraafo dɔm a wogyaw wɔ Kumasi no nyɛ pɛ koraa wɔ adwuma a ɔne dɛ wɔbɛkura abankɛse mu no ho, na biribiara nni hɔ a ennu suro a wosuro dɛ Ashantifo bɛtow ahyɛ wɔn do no anka ebetumi agye wɔn nkwa ɔmfa ho dɛ na ɔyɛ den no abankɛseɛ.Minhunuu biribiara a ɔyɛ hu te dɛ abankɛseɛ a atwa ho ahyia no da.Mehwɛɛ kwan dɛ, ɔnam m’akyidifoɔ apem ahanson a wɔnni akodeɛ na wɔn a wɔyar na wɔn a wɔapirapira nti, ɔbɛyɛ den bi dɛ mɛpue;nanso ɔte dɛ nea atamfo a wɔahwete koraa wɔ Ayewoho 15th no ama ɔhu aka wɔn wɔn, sɛnea wɔantow tuo biara wɔ akwansin aduonu anum nantew a egyee nnansa esiane osu a ɔtɔe nna abien nti.

Adum no duu Bekwai wɔ Ayɛwoho da a ɔtɔ do dunkron. Da a wɔbaa hɔ no, Ɔsahene Morland nso de asraafoɔ a wɔhyɛ wɔn den fi Nigeria baeɛ, na asraafoɔ foforɔ a wɔyɛ Sikhfoɔ akuo bi, Central African Regiment no asraafoɔ kuo fa na afei Central African Regiment Asraafoɔ Kuo a ɔtɔ do mmienu dze akyire. Wɔ 22 Ayɛwohi no Morland de asraafo dɔm a wɔn dodow yɛ 800 tow hyɛɛ Kokofu so, na ɔfaa Ashantifo no nwonwa na ɔde nkogudi bae a wogyaee akode na nneɛma a wɔde ma no.

Wɔ Fankwa mu, ber a Willcocks de awɔw ber no nyaa ahoɔdzen na ɔhwɛɛ ayarefo na wɔn a wɔapirapira wɔ Kumasi a wɔkyeree wɔn no akyi no,[ɔho hia dɛ wɔma ɔmu da hɔ] Willcocks somaa adum a ɛtu kɔɔ mmeae a ɛbemmɛn a wɔboaa atuatew no. N’asraafoɔ dze Ashanti asraafoɔ bi do nkonim wɔ ɔko a ɔkɔɔ do wɔ Obama wɔ Fankwa 30 mu na wɔsan nso tumi dɛee abankɛseɛ na kuro a ɔwɔ Kokofu baabi a na wɔadi kan asan no[citation needed], dze Nigeriafo toɔ [clarification needed] dii dwuma dze bɔɔ Ashanti asraafo abɔmm. Ashanti defenders taa fi ako no mu ntɛmntɛm wɔ ntua a ɔmu yɛ den a ɔdi kan akyi.[citation needed] Wɔ kurow no mu ahum akyi no, wɔmaa Captain Charles John Melliss Victoria Mmeamudua wɔ n’akokoduru wɔ ntua no mu.

Dza Ɔbaa Ekyir

Wɔdze Ashanti kaa Britania Ahemman no ho; nanso, na Ashantifo no da do ara dze wɔn ho do kɛse. Wɔankyerɛ obu kɛse biara amma atubrafo atumfo. Ashantifo no dze nkonim wɔ wɔn botae a na wɔwɔ ansa na ɔko no reba a ɔna dɛ wɔbɛbɔ Sikakɔkɔɔ Nsuo no ho ban no mu. Nanso, afe a ɔdze hɔ no,[bere bɛn] Britaniafo kyeree atitir pii, a Ejisu Maame Hemmaa, Yaa Asantewaa ka ho, na wɔpam wɔn kɔɔ Seychelles mfe 25. Wɔ saa mfeɛ aduonu nnum no mu no wɔn mu pii wuwuiɛ, a Yaa Asantewaa ankasa ka ho wɔ afe 1921. Kumasi Kuropɔn no kura ɔko yi ho nkaeɛ na atubrafo atraeɛ akɛseɛ pii. Awiei koraa no, Ashanti na kan Gold Coast bɛyɛɛ Ghana fa.

Ɔko no maa Britaniafo na wɔn ayɔnkofo no nyinaa wuwui bɛyɛ 1,000; nanso, dɛnea asɛm bi a Mmarahyɛ Bagua no muni David Lloyd George kae wɔ Mmarahyɛ Bagua no mu wɔ 1901 mu kyerɛ no, “anka ɔsɛ dɛ Atubrafo Dwumadibea no nya ntease bi ma [Britania] Aban no nhyehyɛe a ɔyɛ nkwaseasɛm a ɔfa Sikakɔkɔɔ Nsuo ho, a na ɔdze ɔhaha pii na mmoa a wɔyɛ keka afunu mpempem pii a wɔrehuruhuruw atwa Coomassie abankɛse no ho ahyia"! David Lloyd George san tuu Joseph Chamberlain fo wɔ na suban a ɔdze bu Ashantifo a wowuwui wɔ ɔko no mu no animtiaa no ho, na ɔhyɛɛ no nsow dɛ Britaniafo ankyer Sikakɔkɔɔ Nsuo no da: "Akyinnye biara nni ho dɛ na onipa nkwa fata dɛ wɔdze obuo bi dze dwuma", ɔkaa saa. Wɔdze Sikakɔkɔɔ Nsuo no siee kwaeɛ no mu tɔnn wɔ ɔko no mu, na Britaniafoɔ kɔɔ do hwehwɛɛ kosii 1921. Ɔyi akyi ber tiaa bi no, adwumayɛfo kuw bi buee wɔ akwanhyia mu a wɔfaa sika kɔkɔɔ agude a wɔdze asiesie asɛnka agua no na wogyaw nkae a na wɔde nnua ayɛ no. Ashanti asennibea bi buu adwumayɛfo no kumfɔ wɔ wɔn ahohorabɔ ho, nanso Britania mpanyimfo de wɔn ho gyee mu na wɔyɛɛ nhyehyɛe dɛ wɔdze wɔn bɛkɔ nnommumfa mu mmom.

Wɔmaa Britania asraafo Ashanti Abadobɔdze esiane ɔsom adwuma a wɔyɛe wɔ ɔko no mu nti.

Ɔhene Prempeh I Sanba kɔɔ Ashanti

Wɔ 1924 mu no, wɔmaa Ɔhene no kwan ma ɔsan bae. "Nnipa mpempem pii, aborɔfo na abibifo, baa mpoano hɔ dɛ wɔrebɛma no akwaaba. Wɔn abam bui kɛse ber a amanneɛbɔ no hyerɛn dɛ obiara nhu Nana Prempeh, na ɔsɛ dɛ osi fam anwummere 5:30 na fa keteke titiriw bi kɔ Kumasi ntɛm ara.Atenae no bae akyi simma aduonu no, kar fɛfɛ bi dze Nana Prempeh baa nhyiam no mfinimfini.Na ɔyɛ den ma yɛn dɛ yebehu mpo dze besi nnɛ dɛ wadu hɔ.A charming aristocratic- obi a na ho yɛ fɛ a ɔhyɛ atade tenten tuntum a ɔhyɛ kyɛw tuntum a aba do dze na nsa kɔɔ soro ma nnipadɔm no bɔɔ ose.Saa onipa a ɔyɛ ɔdehye no na Nana Prempeh.

Mboaedze

Kingdoms", BBC World Service.
Hernon, Ian Britain's Forgotten Wars, 2002 (ISBN 0-7509-3162-0)
Lewin, J Asante before the British: The Prempean Years 1875-1900
The Siege of Kumassi, Lady Mary Alice Hodgson
Letters from a Bush Campaign, David Martineau Haylings
The Ashanti Campaign of 1900, Captain C. H. Armitage DSO and Lieutenant Colonel A. F. Montanaro
The Relief of Kumasi, Captain Harold C.J. Biss
Dark and Stormy Days at Kumassi, 1900, or Missionary Experience in Ashanti according to the diary of Rev. Fritz Ramseyer, Friedrich Augustus Louis Ramseyer
The Romance of Soldiering and Sport, General Sir James Willcocks, GCB,GCMG, KCSI, DSO
The Golden Stool: Some Aspects of the Conflict of Cultures in Modern Africa, The Reverend Edwin W. Smith
The Great Drama Of Kumasi, Major Wynyard Montagu Hall.