Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/lua" does not exist. The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used. As with other citation templates, this template can be used either in a footnote (between <ref>...</ref> tags) or in a section that lists sources. This template uses the same Lua code as citation style 1 (CS1) templates with parameters to change the displayed format to citation style 2 (CS2).

If the correct parameters are used, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{Cite book}} and {{Cite web}}, with one important exception: By default, this Citation template uses commas in places where the Cite templates use periods (full stops) by default; either type of template can use periods (full stops) or commas by using an optional parameter.

Regardless of which citation templates are used or even if none are used at all, all citations should have the same format throughout an article in the saved, rendered text.

Notes:

  • All parameter names must be lowercase.
  • Invisible unicode space characters (see list) will return an error message. Non-intentional invisible characters should be removed; intentional ones should be replaced with their corresponding HTML entity (e.g. &ZeroWidthSpace;).

Simple citations

sesa mu

This section covers the most commonly used parameters. You can copy the horizontal form or vertical form below and then add in extra parameters from the full list. Spacing and ordering of the parameters within the template is irrelevant and does not affect the final, rendered text.

{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |access-date=}}

{{Citation
| last        =
| first       =
| year        =
| title       =
| publisher   =
| publication-place =
| page        =
| url         =
| access-date =
}}
  • last: The author's surname or last name. Don't use with the author parameter.
  • first: The author's first or given name(s).
  • year: Year of authorship or publication. Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation, unless |date= specifies both month and year.
  • title: Title of the work. Mandatory for web references.
  • publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press. Not normally included where the publication is a periodical which has its own Wikipedia article (e.g. Newsweek, Billboard).
    • publication-place (or place or location): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. Omit when the publication is a periodical whose name specifies the location (e.g. The New York Times, The Times of India)
  • page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with pages.
  • url: A url of an online location where the item can be found. If the url includes double quotes, these must be encoded as "%22".
    • access-date: Date[n 1] when the url was accessed.

Example

sesa mu
{{Citation
| last = Turner
| first = Orsamus
| title = History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve
| publisher = William Alling
| place = Rochester, New York
| year = 1851
| ol = 7120924W
}}
Turner, Orsamus (1851), History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve, Rochester, New York: William Alling, OL 7120924W

Full citation parameters

sesa mu

These can be used for all types of publication. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items — these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens.

{{Citation
| author  =
| last    =
| first   =
| author2 =
| last2   =
| first2  =
| author-link  =
| author2-link =
| author-separator =
| author-name-separator =
| author-mask =
| editor        =
| editor-last   =
| editor-first  =
| editor2       =
| editor2-last  =
| editor2-first =
| editor-link   =
| editor2-link  =
| translator-last   =
| translator-first  =
| translator-link   = 
| translator2-last  =
| translator2-first =
| translator2-link  =
| others   =
| publication-date =
| date     =
| year     =
| orig-date =
| title    =
| chapter  =
| chapter-url  =
| chapter-format  =
| contribution =
| contribution-url =
| type    =
| journal =
| periodical =
| newspaper  =
| magazine   =
| encyclopedia =
| work =
| edition =
| series  =
| volume  =
| issue   =
| publisher =
| publication-place =
| place    =
| language =
| page  =
| pages =
| no-pp  =
| at   =
| id   =
| isbn =
| issn =
| oclc =
| pmid =
| pmc  =
| bibcode =
| doi =
| doi-inactive-date=
| zbl =
| url =
| access-date  =
| format       =
| archive-url  =
| archive-date =
| url-status   =
| quote      =
| separator  =
| postscript =
| ref =
}}

Parameters

sesa mu

Syntax

sesa mu

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/syntax" does not exist.

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/sep_comma" does not exist.

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/coins" does not exist.

What's new

sesa mu

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/whats new" does not exist.

Deprecated

sesa mu

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/deprecated" does not exist.

Description

sesa mu

Authors

sesa mu

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/author" does not exist.

Editors

sesa mu

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/editor" does not exist.

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/title" does not exist. Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/chapter" does not exist. Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/type" does not exist. Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/language" does not exist.

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/date" does not exist.

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/journal" does not exist.

Publisher

sesa mu

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/publisher" does not exist.

Edition, series, volume

sesa mu

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/edition" does not exist. Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/series" does not exist. Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/volume" does not exist.

In-source locations

sesa mu

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/pages" does not exist.

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/url" does not exist.

Chapter URL

sesa mu

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/chapterurl" does not exist.

Anchor

sesa mu

Script error: No such module "Distinguish".

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/ref" does not exist.

Identifiers

sesa mu

Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/id1" does not exist. Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/id2" does not exist.

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/quote" does not exist.

Display options

sesa mu

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/display" does not exist.

Subscription or registration required

sesa mu

Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Citation Style documentation/registration" does not exist.

Examples

sesa mu
Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final author's name.
{{Citation
| last1  = Lincoln
| first1 = A.
| last2  = Washington
| first2 = G.
| last3  = Adams
| first3 = J.
| name-list-style = amp
| title     = All the Presidents' Names
| publisher = The Pentagon
| place     = Home Base, New York
| volume  = XII
| edition = 2nd
| year    = 2007
}}
Lincoln, A.; Washington, G. & Adams, J. (2007), All the Presidents' Names, vol. XII (2nd ed.), Home Base, New York: The Pentagon
Web page
{{Citation
| url   = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/
| title = NPS Focus
| work  = National Register of Historic Places
| publisher  = [[National Park Service]]
| access-date = November 30, 2010
| ref = none
}}
"NPS Focus", National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, retrieved November 30, 2010
Archived page
{{Citation
| url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html
| title = Earth's Atmosphere
| access-date = October 25, 2007
| publisher  = [[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]
| year   = 1995
| author = NASA
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http://
liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html
| archive-date = October 13, 2007
}}
NASA (1995), Earth's Atmosphere, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, archived from the original on October 13, 2007, retrieved October 25, 2007

Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals

sesa mu
Journal article
{{Citation
| last  = Hill
| first = Marvin S.
| title = Joseph Smith and the 1826
Trial: New Evidence and New
Difficulties
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume  = 12
| issue   = 2
| year    = 1976
| pages   = 1–8
| url     = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf
}}
Hill, Marvin S. (1976), "Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties" (PDF), BYU Studies, 12 (2): 1–8
Journal article with multiple authors and identifier
{{Citation
| last1  = Mandelkern
| first1 = M
| last2  = Elias
| first2 = J
| last3  = Eden
| first3 = D
| last4  = Crothers
| first4 = D
| display-authors = 2
| title   = The dimensions of DNA in solution
| journal = J Mol Biol
| volume  = 152
| issue = 1
| pages = 153–161
| year  = 1981
| pmid  = 7338906
| doi   = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1
}}
Mandelkern, M; Elias, J; et al. (1981), "The dimensions of DNA in solution", J Mol Biol, 152 (1): 153–161, doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1, PMID 7338906
Newspaper article
{{Citation
| last  = Smith
| first = Joseph III
| author-link = Joseph Smith III
| title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma
| newspaper = The Saints' Herald
| location = Plano, IL
| volume = 26
| issue  = 19
| date   = October 1, 1879
| page   = 289
| url    = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/
IL/sain1872.htm#100179
}}
Smith, Joseph III (October 1, 1879), "Last Testimony of Sister Emma", The Saints' Herald, vol. 26, no. 19, Plano, IL, p. 289

Conference papers and public lectures

sesa mu
Conference paper
{{Citation
| last   = Sullivan
| first  = D.B.
| contribution = Time and frequency measurement
 at NIST: The first 100 years
| year   = 2001
| title  = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp.
| publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology
| contribution-url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf
}}
Sullivan, D.B. (2001), "Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years" (PDF), 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp., National Institute of Standards and Technology
Lecture
{{Citation
| last   = Habicht
| first  = Christian
| contribution = Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers
| year   = 1988
| title  = David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World
| publisher = Princeton University
| page=14 
}}
Habicht, Christian (1988), "Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers", David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World, Princeton University, p. 14

Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles

sesa mu
Manuscript published in an edited compilation
{{Citation
| last  = Bidamon
| first = Emma Smith
| author-link = Emma Hale Smith
| chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim
| date = March 27, 1876
| editor-last  = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title  = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| publication-date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}
Bidamon, Emma Smith (March 27, 1876), "Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim", in Vogel, Dan (ed.), Early Mormon Documents, vol. 1, Signature Books (published 1996), ISBN 1-56085-072-8
Work with an editor but no author
{{Citation
| editor-last  = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title  = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}
Vogel, Dan, ed. (1996), Early Mormon Documents, vol. 1, Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-072-8
Encyclopedia article by a named author
{{Citation
| last  = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link  = Martin Kramer
| year=1999
| title = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last  = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages  = 719–720
| location = London
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}
Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley (ed.), Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720
Encyclopedia article with no named author
{{Citation
| title = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| year = 1999
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians
and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| location = London
| url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}
Boyd, Kelley, ed. (1999), "Bernard Lewis", Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720

Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article

sesa mu
Manuscript edited and published in a journal
{{Citation
| last = Knight
| first = Joseph Sr.
| year = 1833
| editor-last = Jessee
| editor-first = Dean
| title = Joseph Knight's Recollection
of Early Mormon History
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume = 17
| issue = 1
| publication-date = 1976
| page = 35
| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf
}}
Knight, Joseph Sr. (1833), Jessee, Dean (ed.), "Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History" (PDF), BYU Studies, 17 (1) (published 1976): 35
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor.
{{Citation
| last = Klingensmith
| first = Philip
| type = Affidavit
| date = September 5, 1872
| place = Lincoln County, Nevada
| title = Mountain Meadows Massacre
| editor-last = Toohy
| editor-first = Dennis J.
| journal = Corinne Daily Reporter
| publication-date = September 24, 1872
| publication-place = Corinne, Utah
| volume = 5
| issue = 252
| page = 1
| url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359
}}
Klingensmith, Philip (September 5, 1872), written at Lincoln County, Nevada, Toohy, Dennis J. (ed.), "Mountain Meadows Massacre", Corinne Daily Reporter (Affidavit), 5 (252), Corinne, Utah (published September 24, 1872): 1

Press release

sesa mu
Press release with quotation
{{Citation
| url = https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html
| title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day
| publisher = Apple Inc
| access-date = April 10, 2010
| quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3
| ref = none}}
Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day, Apple Inc, retrieved April 10, 2010, in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3

Anchored citations

sesa mu

Script error: No such module "Distinguish". This template can generate a citation that can be combined with shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing. It does this by creating an HTML anchor containing an ID. The special parameter |ref= generates an anchor ID suitable for Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} as specified in the next section; an anchor ID is generated by default.

To disable anchor generation, specify |ref=none. You can also specify the ID directly, using the |ref=ID parameter. For example, suppose an article's References section contains the markup:

  • {{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |date=1930 |ref=CivDis}}

which generates the citation:

  • Sigmund Freud (1930), Civilization and Its Discontents

Then, the markup "([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])" generates a parenthetical reference "(Freud 1930)" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).

Anchors for Harvard referencing templates

sesa mu

IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} are computed from the last names of the authors (or editors, if no authors are given) and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}" generates the Harvard reference "(Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix)", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:

  • {{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |date=1851 |oclc=59510372}}
  • Wright, Thomas; Evans, R. H. (1851), Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray, London: Henry G. Bohn, OCLC 59510372

In this example the {{citation}} template defines, and the {{harv}} template uses, the HTML ID "CITEREFWrightEvans1851", composed by concatenating the string "CITEREF" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{harvid}} template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, {{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}} generates "CITEREFWrightEvans1851".

Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the {{harvnb}} template enclosed in the <ref></ref> html code, or to use the {{sfn}} template alone. The example above would be <ref>{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</ref> or {{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}} both of which generate a footnote, such as

17. Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix

The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead.

Last names are used, as specified by the parameters |last1= (or |last=), |last2=, |last3=, and |last4=, and similarly for |editor1-last= etc. and for |inventor1-last= etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=The Ego and the Id |date=1923}}" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "{{harv|Freud|1923}}". To make these {{citation}} and {{harv}} invocations compatible, either replace "|author=Sigmund Freud" with "|first=Sigmund |last=Freud", or add "|ref={{harvid|Freud|1923}}" to the {{citation}} invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "|ref=EgoId") to both the {{citation}} and the {{harv}} invocations.

Similarly, the year is used, as specified by |year=. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from |date= (or, if no date is given, from |publication-date=) by applying the MediaWiki § Time function. This heuristic works with most common date formats (American, International and ISO 8601 standard format YYYY-MM-DD as listed in WP:MOS), but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use |year=.

IDs must be unique

sesa mu

Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{harv}}-compatible IDs:

If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "CITEREFMontesHalterman2008". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g. "|date=2008a" and "|date=2008b", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.

It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the W3C Markup Validation Service; see External links.

  1. The format of dates in the references of an article should use consistent and unambiguous styles. Example formats used in Wikipedia citations include: Dates should not be linked (say, to a Wikipedia article of the same name) in references. Please see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers) § Dates for more guidance about formatting dates.

See Wikipedia:Citing sources § Citation templates and tools for a list of tools that can help create a reference in the "citation" format.

TemplateData

sesa mu
This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. See a monthly parameter usage report for Template:Citation in articles based on its TemplateData.

TemplateData for Citation

The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.

Template parameters

This template has custom formatting.

ParameterDescriptionTypeStatus
Last namelast last1 author author1 author1-last author-last surname1 author-last1 subject1 surname author-last host subject

The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead

Linesuggested
First namefirst given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead

Linesuggested
Title of sourcetitle

Title of source. Works display in italics and articles surrounded in quotation marks.

Stringrequired
Title linktitle-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.

Page nameoptional
Vancouver style author listvauthors

If using Vancouver style, comma separated list of author names; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses

Example
Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))
Stringoptional
Collaborationcollaboration

Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors which list one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends 'et al.' to author name-list.

Stringoptional
Date of sourcedate

Full date of source being referenced; do not wikilink; use YYYY-MM-DD or other acceptable formats

Datesuggested
Workwork journal website newspaper magazine periodical

Name of the work in which the cited title is found

Stringsuggested
Interviewerinterviewer

Full name of interviewer(s); separate interviewers with a semicolon (;); wikilink as desired.

Stringoptional
Volumevolume

For one publication published in several volumes

Linesuggested
Issueissue number

Issue number

Stringsuggested
In-source location: Minutesminutes

Time the event occurs in an audio or visual source; followed by "minutes in".

Numberoptional
In-source location: Timetime

Time the event occurs in an audio or visual source; preceded by default text "Event occurs at time".

Stringoptional
In-source location: Time captiontime-caption

Changes the default text displayed before time

Stringoptional
Pagepage

Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

Lineoptional
Pagespages

Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'

Linesuggested
Publication datepublication-date

Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.

Stringoptional
Date formatdf

Sets rendered dates to the specified format

Stringoptional
Year of publicationyear

Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed

Numberoptional
Postscriptpostscript

Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Ignored if quote is defined.

Stringoptional
Editor last nameeditor-last editor editor-surname editor-last1 editor-surname1 editor1 editor1-last editor1-surname

The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'

Unknownoptional
Editor first nameeditor-first editor-first1 editor-given editor-given1 editor1-first editor1-given

The given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'

Unknownoptional
Author maskauthor-mask

Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. You can also use editor-mask and translator-mask in the same way.

Stringoptional
Author mask 2author-mask2 author2-mask

Replaces the name of the second author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author mask 3author-mask3 author3-mask

Replaces the name of the third author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author mask 4author-mask4 author4-mask

Replaces the name of the fourth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author mask 5author-mask5 author5-mask

Replaces the name of the fifth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author mask 6author-mask6 author6-mask

Replaces the name of the sixth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author mask 7author-mask7 author7-mask

Replaces the name of the seventh author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author mask 8author-mask8 author8-mask

Replaces the name of the eighth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author mask 9author-mask9 author9-mask

Replaces the name of the ninth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Display Editorsdisplay-editors

Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed. |display-editors=etal displays all editors in the list followed by et al.

Stringoptional
Original dateorig-date

Original date of publication; provide specifics

Stringoptional
Last name of second editoreditor-last2 editor-surname2 editor2 editor2-last editor2-surname

The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'

Stringoptional
First name of second editoreditor-first2 editor-given2 editor2-first editor2-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'

Stringoptional
Link for second editoreditor-link2 editor2-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for second editoreditor-mask2 editor2-mask

Replaces the name of the second editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Last name of third editoreditor-last3 editor-surname3 editor3 editor3-last editor3-surname

The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'

Stringoptional
First name of third editoreditor-first3 editor-given3 editor3-first editor3-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'

Stringoptional
Link for third editoreditor-link3 editor3-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for third editoreditor-mask3 editor3-mask

Replaces the name of the third editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Last name of fourth editoreditor-last4 editor-surname4 editor4 editor4-last editor4-surname

The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'

Stringoptional
First name of fourth editoreditor-first4 editor-given4 editor4-first editor4-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'

Stringoptional
Link for fourth editoreditor-link4 editor4-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for fourth editoreditor-mask4 editor4-mask

Replaces the name of the fourth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Last name of fifth editoreditor-last5 editor-surname5 editor5 editor5-last editor5-surname

The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'

Stringoptional
First name of fifth editoreditor-first5 editor-given5 editor5-first editor5-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'

Stringoptional
Link for fifth editoreditor-link5 editor5-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for fifth editoreditor-mask5 editor5-mask

Replaces the name of the fifth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Last name of sixth editoreditor-last6 editor-surname6 editor6 editor6-last editor6-surname

The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'

Stringoptional
First name of sixth editoreditor-first6 editor-given6 editor6-first editor6-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'

Stringoptional
Link for sixth editoreditor-link6 editor6-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for sixth editoreditor-mask6 editor6-mask

Replaces the name of the sixth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Last name of seventh editoreditor-last7 editor-surname7 editor7 editor7-last editor7-surname

The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'

Stringoptional
First name of seventh editoreditor-first7 editor-given7 editor7-first editor7-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'

Stringoptional
Link for seventh editoreditor-link7 editor7-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for seventh editoreditor-mask7 editor7-mask

Replaces the name of the seventh editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Last name of eighth editoreditor-last8 editor-surname8 editor8 editor8-last editor8-surname

The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'

Stringoptional
First name of eighth editoreditor-first8 editor-given8 editor8-first editor8-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'

Stringoptional
Link for eighth editoreditor-link8 editor8-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for eighth editoreditor-mask8 editor8-mask

Replaces the name of the eighth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Last name of ninth editoreditor-last9 editor-surname9 editor9 editor9-last editor9-surname

The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'

Stringoptional
First name of ninth editoreditor-first9 editor-given9 editor9-first editor9-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'

Stringoptional
Link for ninth editoreditor-link9 editor9-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for ninth editoreditor-mask9 editor9-mask

Replaces the name of the ninth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Translated titletrans-title

An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

Stringoptional
Script Titlescript-title

Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script

Example
ja:東京タワー
Stringoptional
Translated chapter titletrans-chapter

An English language chapter title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

Stringoptional
Typetype

Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

Stringoptional
URL of sourceurl

URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found.

Stringsuggested
URL access dateaccess-date

The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

Dateoptional
Archive URLarchive-url

The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'

Linesuggested
Archive datearchive-date

Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

Datesuggested
Archive Formatarchive-format

Format of the Archive

Unknownoptional
URL statusurl-status

The status of the URL- live, dead, usurped/unfit (inappropriate content) or deviated (different content)

Suggested values
live dead usurped unfit deviated
Unknownsuggested
Seriesseries version

Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal; alias of 'version'

Stringoptional
Atat

May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

Lineoptional
No ppno-pp

Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

Lineoptional
Chapterchapter contribution entry article section

The chapter heading of the source. For the contribution alias, see contributor-last

Stringoptional
Script Chapterscript-chapter

Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc); follows transliteration defined in chapter. Should be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script

Example
ja:東京タワー
Stringoptional
Chapter URLchapter-url contribution-url section-url

The URL of the online location where the text of the chapter can be found

Stringoptional
Format of Chapter URLchapter-format contribution-format section-format

Format of the work referred to by chapter-url; displayed in parentheses after chapter. HTML is implied and should not be specified.

Example
PDF, DOC, or XLS
Stringoptional
Othersothers

Free-text field for people involved in creating a work who cannot be added with another name parameter such as author or editor

Stringoptional
Vancouver style editor listveditors

Comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses

Example
Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))
Stringoptional
Editionedition

When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'

Lineoptional
Location of publicationplace location

Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked

Stringsuggested
Place of publicationpublication-place

Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

Stringoptional
Publisherpublisher institution

Name of the publisher; displays after title

Stringsuggested
Languagelanguage

The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name; do not use icons or templates

Stringoptional
Formatformat

Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

Stringoptional
arXiv identifierarxiv

An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

Lineoptional
ASINasin ASIN

Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

Lineoptional
ASIN TLDasin-tld

ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

Lineoptional
Bibcodebibcode

Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

Lineoptional
biorXivbiorxiv

biorXiv identifier; 6 digits

Lineoptional
CiteSeerXciteseerx

CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter

Lineoptional
DOIdoi DOI

Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

Stringoptional
DOI broken datedoi-broken-date

The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

Dateoptional
ISBNisbn

International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

Lineoptional
ISSNissn

International Standard Serial Number (print); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen

Lineoptional
eISSNeissn

International Standard Serial Number (online); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen

Lineoptional
Handle System identifierhdl HDL

Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet

Stringoptional
jfm codejfm

Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

Lineoptional
JSTORjstor

JSTOR identifier

Lineoptional
LCCNlccn

Library of Congress Control Number

Lineoptional
MRmr

Mathematical Reviews identifier

Lineoptional
OCLCoclc

Online Computer Library Center number

Numberoptional
OLol

Open Library identifier

Lineoptional
OSTIosti

Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

Lineoptional
PMCpmc

PubMed Center article number

Numberoptional
PMIDpmid

PubMed Unique Identifier

Lineoptional
Semantic Scholar Corpus IDs2cid S2CID

The Corpus identifier in Semantic Scholar. Displays as a link to the Semantic Scholar page.

Example
84541141
Unknownoptional
RFCrfc

Request for Comments number

Numberoptional
SSRNssrn

Social Science Research Network

Lineoptional
Zblzbl

Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

Lineoptional
idid

A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

Lineoptional
Quotequote

Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation

Contentoptional
Refref

An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates

Lineoptional
Name list stylename-list-style

Sets the style for the list. Accepts 'amp', 'and', and 'vanc'. amp displays an ampersand after the penultimate name; and the same with 'and', and vanc displays in Vancouver format

Stringoptional
Display authorsdisplay-authors

number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; must be less than the number listed

Numberoptional
Last name 2last2 author2 surname2 author-last2 author2-last subject2

The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 2first2 given2 author-first2 author2-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Last name 3last3 author3 surname3 author-last3 author3-last subject3

The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 3first3 given3 author-first3 author3-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Last name 4last4 author4 surname4 author-last4 author4-last subject4

The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 4first4 given4 author-first4 author4-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Last name 5last5 author5 surname5

The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 5first5 given5

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Last name 6last6 author6 surname6

The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 6first6

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Last name 7last7 author7 surname7

The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 7first7 given7

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Last name 8last8 author8 surname8

The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 8first8 given8

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Last name 9last9 author9 surname9

The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 9first9 given9

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Author linkauthor-link author-link1 author1-link subject-link subject-link1 subject1-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author

Page nameoptional
Author link 2author-link2 author2-link subject-link2 subject2-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author.

Page nameoptional
Author link 3author-link3 author3-link subject-link3 subject3-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.

Page nameoptional
Author link 4author-link4 author4-link subject-link4 subject4-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.

Page nameoptional
Author link 5author-link5 author5-link subject-link5 subject5-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

Page nameoptional
Author link 6author-link6 author6-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

Page nameoptional
Author link 7author-link7 author7-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.

Page nameoptional
Author link 8author-link8 author8-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.

Page nameoptional
Author link 9author-link9 author9-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.

Page nameoptional
Editor last name 2editor2-last editor2

The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 2editor2-first editor2-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 3editor3-last editor3

The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 3editor3-first editor3-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 4editor4-last editor4

The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 4editor4-first editor4-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 5editor5-last editor5

The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 5editor5-first editor5-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 6editor6-last editor6

The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 6editor6-first editor6-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 7editor7-last editor7

The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 7editor7-first editor7-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 8editor8-last editor8

The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 8editor8-first editor8-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 9editor9-last editor9

The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 9editor9-first editor9-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
editor-linkeditor-link

no description

Stringoptional
editor1-linkeditor1-link

no description

Stringoptional
editor2-linkeditor2-link

no description

Stringoptional
editor3-linkeditor3-link

no description

Stringoptional
editor4-linkeditor4-link

no description

Stringoptional
Translator last nametranslator-last translator translator-last1 translator1 translator1-last

The surname of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first nametranslator-first translator1-first translator-first1

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator linktranslator-link translator-link1 translator1-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator last name 2translator-last2 translator2 translator2-last

The surname of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 2translator-first2 translator2-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator last name 3translator-last3 translator3 translator3-last

The surname of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 3translator-first3 translator3-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator last name 4translator-last4 translator4 translator4-last

The surname of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 4translator-first4 translator4-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator last name 5translator-last5 translator5 translator5-last

The surname of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 5translator-first5 translator5-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator last name 6translator-last6 translator6 translator6-last

The surname of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 6translator-first6 translator6-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator last name 7translator-last7 translator7 translator7-last

The surname of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 7translator-first7 translator7-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator last name 8translator-last8 translator8 translator8-last

The surname of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 8translator-first8 translator8-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator last name 9translator-last9 translator9 translator9-last

The surname of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 9translator-first9 translator9-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator link 2translator-link2 translator2-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator link 3translator-link3 translator3-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator link 4translator-link4 translator4-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator link 5translator-link5 translator5-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator link 6translator-link6 translator6-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator link 7translator-link7 translator7-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator link 8translator-link8 translator8-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator link 9translator-link9 translator9-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator.

Page nameoptional
URL access levelurl-access

no description

Suggested values
registration limited subscription
Unknownoptional
DOI access leveldoi-access

Requires DOI value.

Suggested values
free
Unknownoptional
viavia

Aggregate or database provider, when different from the Publisher.

Example
[[Open Edition]], [[JSTOR]]
Stringoptional
Bibcode access levelbibcode-access

If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.

Suggested values
free
Unknownoptional
Jstor access leveljstor-access

If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.

Auto value
free
Stringoptional
Semantic Scholar Corpus ID (s2cid) Access Levels2cid-access

no description

Suggested values
free
Unknownoptional
Agencyagency

The agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse

Stringoptional
Departmentdepartment

Department or column within a periodical.

Unknownoptional
Citation Stylemode

Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use the postscript parameter.

Suggested values
cs1 cs2
Default
cs2
Stringoptional
HDL access levelhdl-access

If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.

Suggested values
free
Stringoptional
ISMNismn ISMN

International Standard Music Number; Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional.

Example
979-0-9016791-7-7
Stringoptional
Peoplepeople

Names of the authors

Stringoptional

This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.

See also

sesa mu