Gulf of Guinea
Guinea Po no yɛ Atlantic Po a hɔ yɛ hyew wɔ etsifi afa mu epuei pɛɛ fi Cape Lopez wɔ Gabon, etsifi na atɔe kesi Cape Palmas wɔ Liberia. Equator na Prime Meridian ntamu kwan (zero degrees latitude ne longitude) wɔ po no mu.[1]
| Part of | North Atlantic Ocean  |
|---|---|
| Located in or next to body of water | South Atlantic Ocean |
| Coordinate location | 1°0′0″N 4°0′0″E |
| Shares border with | Port Harcourt, Osu |
Edzin
sesa muWosusu dɛ edzin Guinea n'ahyɛse yɛ bea bi a ɔwɔ ɔman ntamu no mu,ɔwɔ mu dɛ wɔgye nsɛm pɔkyee no ho ekyingye dze. Bovill (1995) dze nkyerɛkyerɛmu a odzi mũ ma dɛ:[2]
Wɔtaa ka dɛ edzin Guinea no yɛ dzin Ghana a aporɔw, a Portugalfo faa wɔ Maghrib kasa mu. Seseiara ɔkyerɛwfo no hu no dɛ iyi nnyɛ ma wɔgye to mu. Wɔdze dzin Guinea edzi dwuma wɔ Maghrib na Europa nyinara ber tsentsen mu ansaana Ɔheneba Henry reba. Sɛ nhwɛdo no, wɔ asaase mfonyin bi a Genoanyi asaase mfonyintwanyi Giovanni dzii Carignano a onyaa Afrika ho nsɛm fii ne nyɛnko bi a ɔwɔ Sijilmassa [tsetse eguadzi kurow a ɔwɔ Afrika Etsifi afa mu] hɔ bɛyɛ afe 1320 mu no, yehu Gunuia, na Catalan atlas a wɔkyerɛwee wɔ afe 1375 mu no mu dɛ Ginyia. Nkyekyɛmu bi a ɔwɔ Leo [Africanus] (po III, 822) mu no twe adwen si do dɛ nna Guinea yɛ Jenne [kurow a oedzi mfe 2,000 a ɔwɔ Mali mfinimfin wɔ Niger esutsen do] no kwan a aporɔw, a ɔnnyɛ dzin kɛse tse dɛ Ghana naaso ne nyinara ekyir no, mfehaha pii na agye dzin wɔ Maghrib dɛ gua kɛse na adzesua egua. Nkyekyɛm a ɔfa ho no kenkan dɛ: ‘Ghinea Ahendzi . . . hɛn man no mu eguadzifo frɛ no Gheneoa, abɔdze mu nkorɔfo a wɔtse Genni na Portugalfo na Europa nyimpa afofor frɛ no Ghinea.’Naaso ɔtse dɛ ma ɔda edzi kɛse dɛ Guinea fi aguinaou, Berberfo a wɔdze gyina hɔ ma Negro no mu. Marrakech [kurow a ɔwɔ Morocco anaafo afa mu epuei] wɔ pon bi, a wosii wɔ afeha a ɔtɔ do duebien mu, a wɔfrɛ no Bab Aguinaou, Ebibifo Pon (Delafosse, Haut-Sénégal-Niger, II, 277-278). Ndɛ da yi dzin Guinea a wɔdze dzii dwuma wɔ mpoano no fii 1481 nkotsee mu. Dɛm afe no mu no, Portugalfo sii abankɛse bi, Sao Jorge da Mina (ndɛ Elmina), wɔ Gold Coast mantɔw mu, na hɔn hen, John II, maa kwan Papa [Sixtus II anaa Innocent VIII] dɛ ɔmfa no ho nhyɛ Guinea Awuradze, abɔdzin a ɔkɔr do kesii dɛ ahenman no ase tɔree ndansa yi.
Wɔdze dzin ‘Guinea’ no so dzii dwuma maa Afrika Atɔe afa mu mpoano, Gulf of Guinea etsifi afa mu, a wɔbɛfrɛɛ no ‘Upper Guinea’, na Afrika Kɛse afa mu atɔe afa mu mpoano, wɔ epuei afa mu, a wɔbɛfrɛɛ no ‘Lower Guinea '. Dzin 'Guinea' da ho ara bata aman ebiasa a ɔwɔ Afrika dzin ho: Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, na Equatorial Guinea, na New Guinea a ɔwɔ Melanesia so.
Asaase Ho Nsɛm
sesa muEsutsen tsitsir a ɔpetse na nsu a ɔwɔ po no mu nye Niger Esutsen.
Wɔdze nkyerɛasee ahorow ama wɔ asaasesin hye a ɔwɔ Gulf of Guinea no ho; Amanaman Ntamu Nsu Ho Ahyehyɛdze no kyerɛkyerɛ Guinea Po no anaafo afa mu atɔe ntserɛwmu dɛ ‘B kwan a ofi Cap Lopez (0°37′S 8°43′E), wɔ Gabon, etaifi afa mu atɔe kesi Ihléu Gago Coutinho (Ilhéu das Rôlas) (0°01 ′S 6°32′Apuei fam); na ofi hɔ no, ofi Ihléu Gago Coutinho kɔ etsifi afa mu atɔe kɔ Cape Palmas (4°22′N 7°44′W), wɔ Liberia.[3]
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Old French map of the Gulf of Guinea -
Different limits of the Gulf of Guinea -
Satellite imagery of the Gulf of Guinea showing borders of states on its shores
Supruw A Wɔwɔ Gulf of Guinea
sesa muGulf of Guinea no kitsa supruw dodow bi, a no mu kɛse no wɔ anaafo afa mu atɔe-etsifi epuei nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn mu, na ɔyɛ Cameroon ogya mbepɔw no ne fa.
Annobón, a wɔsan frɛ no Pagalu anaa Pigalua, yɛ supruw bi a ɔyɛ Equatorial Guinea fa.
Bobowasi Supruw yɛ supruw bi a ɔwɔ Afrika atɔe afa mu mpoano wɔ Gulf of Guinea a ɔyɛ Ghana Atɔe Afa mu Mantɔw no ne fa.
Bioko yɛ supruw bi a ɔwɔ Ambazonian mantɔw Cameroon wɔ Gulf of Guinea a ɔwɔ Equatorial Guinea tumdzi ase.
Corisco yɛ supruw a ɔyɛ Equatorial Guinea dze.
Elobey Grande na Elobey Chico yɛ nsupruw nkakramba ebien a ɔyɛ Equatorial Guinea dze.
Sao Tomé na Príncipe (wɔ aban kwan do no Democratic Republic of Sao Tomé na Príncipe) yɛ supruw do man a wɔka Portugal kasa wɔ Gulf of Guinea a ɔgyee no ho fii Portugal ho wɔ afe 1975. Afrika atɔe afa mu mpoano a ɔwɔ equatorial mpoano na ɔyɛ nsupruw ebien, Sao Tomé na Príncipe. Hɔn ntamu kwan bɛyɛ kilomita 140 (akwansin 87) na hɔn ntamu kwan bɛyɛ kilomita 250 na 225 (akwansin 155 na 140), wɔ Gabon etsifi afa mu atɔe mpoano. Nsupruw ebien no nyinara yɛ ogya bepɔw mbepɔw bi a wɔayew no ne fa. Sao Tomé, supruw kɛse a ɔwɔ kesee afa mu no wɔ Equator etsifi afa mu pɛɛ.
Po Do ahobambɔ
sesa muPo do ahobambɔ wɔ Gulf of Guinea no yɛ aman 18 a wodzi hɔn ho do. Ndwumakuw ahyɛdze ahorow pii dzi po do ahobambɔ ho edwuma wɔ Guinea Po no mu: Afrika Atɔe Afa mu Aman Sikasɛm Kuw (ECOWAS) na Afrika Mfinimfin Aman Sikasɛm Kuw (ECCAS). Bio so, po do ahobambɔ a ɔwɔ Gulf of Guinea so, Gulf of Guinea Commission (GGC) dzi ho dwuma. Ɔnnyɛ po do ahobambɔ nko na ɔda edzi wɔ po do ahobambɔ a ɔwɔ Guinea Po no mu, na mbom po do nsɛmbɔndzi ahorow a onnyi ano a ɔmmfa ho dɛ adwowtwafo taa dzi nkɔmbɔ a ɔfa po do ahobambɔ ho no do no. Dɛ mbrɛ ‘Priority Paper for the Danish Efforts to Combat Piracy and Other Types of Maritime Crime 2019-2022’ kyerɛ no, wɔakyerɛkyerɛ adwowtwa na po do nsɛmbɔndzi mu dɛ mbrɛ odzidzi do yi:
Ibotum akyerɛ adwowtwa mu ase dɛ basabasayɛ biara a mbra mma ho kwan, wɔdze obi to efiadze anaa ɔfow ndzɛmba a wɔyɛ dze yɛ kokoam etsirmupɔw ahorow wɔ po a ɔso yɛ dzen so tsia hyɛn anaa wimhyɛn fofor. Po do nsɛmbɔndzi botum ayɛ akodze a wɔdze bɔ korɔn wɔ po do, nyimpa a wɔtɔn anaa dɛ wɔdze fa sum ase ndzɛmba a mbra mma ho kwan, ndubɔn na akodze, mpataayi a mbra mma ho kwan, pɛtro a wowie na ma ɔkeka ho.
Nsɛmbɔndzi afofor a ɔda nsow wɔ Gulf of Guinea na namyi a mbra mma ho kwan, nkorɔfo a wɔkyer nkorɔfo sie ma adzedzi, ndubɔn ho eguadzi nye ngo a wɔtɔn.Oil-bunkering a mbra mma ho kwan no yɛ po do ahyɛn a wɔdze ngo kɔ do a wɔtow hyɛ do na wɔdze ngo no kɔ akorɔmfo no ankasa po do hyɛn mu, na ɔno ekyir no wɔtɔn ngo no wɔ mpɔtamu hɔ na amanaman gua ntamu do.
Ndzɛmba a wɔkyer sie dze gye agyede no yɛ po do ndzɛmba a ebu do sen biara no mu kor nsɛmbɔn ne ndzii a ɔkɔ do wɔ mantamu no mu. Afe 2018 na 2019 ntamu no, edwumayɛfo dodow a wɔkyeer hɔn wɔ Gulf of Guinea no kɔr sor 50%, na ɔmaa mantamu no yɛɛ wiadze nyinara nkorɔfo a wɔkyer hɔn sie wɔ po do no mu 90%.
Kwan bɔn , Wonnyi hɔn mma na Nhyehyɛɛ a onnyi nam yi ho (IUU)
sesa muIUU namyi a wɔsan frɛ no kwan bɔn, wonnyi hɔn mma na nhyehyɛɛ a onnyi namyi ho ayɛ ɔhaw kɛse a ɔwɔ po no mu. Afe 2000 mu no, wɔdze amandzɛɛbɔ bae dɛ nam 212,800 na wɔkyeer hɔn na 2012 mu no, ɔkɔr sor ɔha mu nkyekyɛ mu akrɔn dze kɔr 232,200 no mu dur. IUU noho nsunsuando dze nsuyir dze brɛɛ amamfo asetsena, hɔn sikasɛm na hɔn abrabɔ mu atsenae wɔ po no mu. ɔdze nsunsuando bɔn dze brɛɛ ahobambɔ a ɔfa nkorɔfo a nna wɔtsetse bɛn po no. IUU wɔdze a kɛfaam ɔhaw ahorow na adzebɔn ahorow ho. Dɛm ndzɛmba bɔn yi bi nye adzewia, ndurbɔn, nhyɛdo dwumadzi na dza ɔkeka ho.
IUU sɔn nam ahorow do wɔ bea hɔ ma ɔdze ɔhaw berɛ apofo na tsemanmufo dodowara hɔn edziban ho bambɔ. ɔhaw no mu kor tsitsir a ɔfa IUU ho nye dɛ nam beberee a wɔkyer hɔn po no mu no yɛ nam a wɔmmfa ho nsɛm mmba ber wɔakyer hɔn no. Iyi dze po kɔ mbordo ba na po kɔ mbordo so dze nam ahorow hɔn nsɔndo wɔ Mantɔw no nyinara mu ba. IUU po kɔ bɛyɛ ɔhaw kɛse wɔ Mantɔw no mu osiandɛ ɔma afarfo dze ndzɛmba a ɔman no nngyee nnto mu. Yɛdze bi reka ho no, dɛm ndzɛmba yi botum dze amamfo hɔn nkwa ato esian mu osian edwuma ho ntotoo a ɔnnkɔ yie na nsudo efir a wɔhwɛ do yie. IUU hɔn nsudofir beberee ayeyɛ adadaw, awenkadɛr na mpɛn pii noho ntotoo nnkɔ yie.
Hɔn a woyi nam nketseaba mu na akɛse mu no nyinara yi nam wɔ kwan bɔn do wɔ po no mu. Yɛhwɛ po no mu a yehu ahosu bluu a IUU enya nsunsuando bɔn ɔnam nyimpa akwan bɔn a wɔdze yi nam. Adzetɔn dwumadzi a ɔkɔ do wɔ po no mu no ama ɔhaw aba po no mu. ɔyɛ dasedzi dɛ po no mu no ɔhaw aba mu, nhyɛdo Dwumadzi na nyimpa a wɔdze hɔn fa do dɛ ɔyɛ IUU namyi noho nsunsuando, nsɔndo namyi n’akɛse mu na akansi nyimpa wɔ no dɛ wobenya nam bebe ree ayɛ hɔn edziban.
Nsunsuando bɔn bi so a Bluu ndzeyɛɛ bɔn dze aba ɔnam IUU do.
sesa muNsɛm bebeee a ɔfa namyi ntoatoado a ɔwɔ po no mu na aba ɔfa efir bɔn a wɔdze yi nam noho. EJF hɔn amandzɛɛbɔ a hɔn nhwehwɛmu mu no hun dɛ, afarfo na po do dwumayɛfo ɔahyɛ hɔn dɛ wonyɛ edwuma wɔ efir a wɔdze yi nam ho wɔ po no mu abosoom kakra ber onkotum epue mpoano. Dɛm edwumayɛfo yi bi wɔahyɛ hɔn dɛ nkyɛ wɔnyɛ edwuma wɔ hɛmba mu dabiara na anadwo no wɔhyɛ hɔn dɛ wombeyi enam mfi hyipo mu. Efir mbra mma ho kwan a wɔdze yi enam ayɛ edwuma mber bebiree na edwumayɛfo no wɔma hɔn edwuma mfe ebien prɛko pɛr a wonnya kwan mmba fie anaa mpo dɛ wo nam nnka asaase mpo da.
Edwumayɛfo bebiree wotua hɔn akaw wɔ adaka mu. Dɛm na EJF too no dzin dɛ ‘’ enam hun’’ kyer tse dɛ kyer na kwan a wɔfado nya hɔn sika nye dɛ wɔtɔn dɛm enam yi. Amandzɛɛbɔ bi so a ɔfa nhyɛdo dwumadzi na kwan bɔn a wɔfado dze efir bɔn yi nam hɔn ndzɛmba nyinara nnyi ahobambɔ akadze biara. Onndu apɔwmudze tsipen koraa, ber wɔda nnyɛ na edziban a wodzi so suar.
Ndur a wɔdze kɔ po n’ano Abrɛ adze ber a ɔkɔ sor wɔ 2024 mu no, ɔsanso yɛ ɔhaw wɔ Mantɔw no mu. Pirate kuw no bebiree a wɔwɔ po no do no mpɛn pii wɔ mfa edwumayɛfo afofor na afarfo wonnya afardwuma nnyɛ no. Iyi ama ayɛ fɛw ɔnam akatua nkumaa na akatua biara a ɔnkɔ do. Mpɛn pii no wɔdze tsemanmufo afarfo nna wɔdaadaa hɔn hyɛ edwuma yi mu dɛ wobenya sika ntsɛm ɔnam dɛ ɔatɔntɔn hɔn mfir no ama pirate kuw no wɔ po no do. Nsɔndo pokɔfo no tu afarfo no fo ma wɔdze hɔngo hyɛ piracy mu na wentwiwentwi bebiree kɔ do wɔ Mantɔw no mu.
Mboaedze
sesa mu- ↑ Rosenberg, Matt (30 January 2020). "Where Do the Prime Meridian and the Equator Intersect?". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
- ↑ Hale, Thomas A. "From the Griot of Roots to the Roots of Griot: A New Look at the Origins of a Controversial African Term for Bard" (PDF). Oral Tradition. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-02. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
- ↑ "Limits of Oceans and Seas, Draft 4th Edition: North Atlantic Ocean and its Sub-Divisions". International Hydrographic Organization. 2002. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2017.